Bioindicators and biomonitoring: Review of methodologies applied in water bodies and use during the Covid-19 pandemic

The objective of this review is to highlight the importance use and application bioindicators in evaluation quality water bodies from their origins present Era; during post Covid-19 Era (2019-2022). More than 800 papers were analyzed relation theme discussion advantages disadvantages biomonitoring studies, criteria for selection methods organisms. This focuses on algae, benthic macroinvertebrates fish river ecosystems, reservoirs, other bodies. Different types ofbiomonitoring methodologies are addressed, including biotic diversity indices, multimetric multivariate approaches, integrative methods, functional metrics, new generation or "biomonitoring 2.0". Thisreview highlights great bio-indicators techniques within environmental management health sustainably.